Pharmaceutical cost-sharing systems and savings for healthcare systems from parallel trade
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Pharmaceutical cost-sharing systems and savings for health care systems from parallel trade
This paper analyzes the consequences of parallel trade on health care systems in a two-country model with a vertical distributor relationship. In particular, two cost-sharing systems — coinsurance and indemnity insurance — are compared with respect to changes in copayments and public health expenditure. Under both cost-sharing systems, parallel trade generates a price-decreasing competition eff...
متن کاملchannel estimation for mimo-ofdm systems
تخمین دقیق مشخصات کانال در سیستم های مخابراتی یک امر مهم محسوب می گردد. این امر به ویژه در کانال های بیسیم با خاصیت فرکانس گزینی و زمان گزینی شدید، چالش بزرگی است. مقالات متعدد پر از روش های مبتکرانه ای برای طراحی و آنالیز الگوریتم های تخمین کانال است که بیشتر آنها از روش های خاصی استفاده می کنند که یا دارای عملکرد خوب با پیچیدگی محاسباتی بالا هستند و یا با عملکرد نه چندان خوب پیچیدگی پایینی...
a new type-ii fuzzy logic based controller for non-linear dynamical systems with application to 3-psp parallel robot
abstract type-ii fuzzy logic has shown its superiority over traditional fuzzy logic when dealing with uncertainty. type-ii fuzzy logic controllers are however newer and more promising approaches that have been recently applied to various fields due to their significant contribution especially when the noise (as an important instance of uncertainty) emerges. during the design of type- i fuz...
15 صفحه اولA fuzzy reliability model for series-parallel systems
Fuzzy set based methods have been proved to be effective in handling many types of uncertainties in different fields, including reliability engineering. This paper presents a new approach on fuzzy reliability, based on the use of beta type distribution as membership function. Considering experts' ideas and by asking operators linguistic variables, a rule base is designed to determine the level ...
متن کاملPetri Net Modeling for Parallel Bank ATM Systems
In this paper the real time operation of an automatic teller machine (ATM) is analyzed using aTimed Petri Net (TPN) model. In the modeling, the probability of arrivals, the speed andattentiveness of customers (clients) are taken to account. Different parameters are based onthe statistical data. The model is simulated for 24 hours. The diagrams of number ofsucceeded customers, failed references ...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: The World Economy
سال: 2018
ISSN: 0378-5920
DOI: 10.1111/twec.12616